Eighth Grand Lodge Meeting

For the 1929 Eighth Meeting of the Grand Lodge, the conference returned for a third time to Philadelphia. Unami Lodge once again hosted the 12 lodges in attendance and an unknown number of delegates. The first issue occurred prior to the meeting. Unami Lodge had scheduled the meeting for the week between Christmas and New Years. Many lodges objected to the dates and the meeting was re-scheduled for November 29 – December 1, 1929. The 1929 Grand Lodge Meeting was held at the Stephen Gerard Hotel. The Grand Lodge Scribe announced that there were now 33 active lodges in the Order instead of 37 with the pending Chicago consolidation. Grand Chieftain Robert Henderson made the following statement regarding lodges that desired a change in the democratic method candidates were selected by either blocking some candidates from the ballot or the lodge’s ability to veto/blackball a candidate:

1. That the vote of the Scouts is for the purpose of nominating a Scout whom they think has the proper qualifications for becoming a member of the Order of the Arrow.

And,

2. The ordeal is for the purpose of assuring the members of the Order that the judgment of the voting members has been correct.

Later in the meeting rules were passed for enforcement of these policies.

The Grand Lodge also voted to create a fourth degree, between Brotherhood and Vigil, called the Fellowship Degree. On Carroll A. Edson’s motion, the Grand Lodge agreed to hold off on commencement of the new degree until the ceremony for it had been written. No such ceremony was written and the degree never was utilized.

Robroy Price of Buffalo Lodge in Schenectady, New York was elected the Grand Chieftain. Alfred Nichols of Owasippe Lodge, Chicago, was elected Grand Vice Chieftain. Benjamin J. Thomas of Octoraro Lodge, West Chester, Pennsylvania was elected Grand Scribe and Joseph N. Pattison of Unami Lodge was elected Grand Treasurer.

Selected as the 113^th Vigil Honor member at this meeting was longtime Unami Lodge Arrowman Horace “Shorty” Ralston, the man who did the research and found the name WWW for our Order.

2

Five Chicago Lodges Merge

On May 18, 1929 E. Urner Goodman Scout Executive acting as Supreme Chief of the Fire merged together the five Chicago Lodges initiated by his old Assistant Camp Director Carroll A. Edson. The Grand Lodge had maintained a rule that councils could have one lodge for each of their Scout camps. Goodman constructively ended that rule, as Chicago was the only Council remaining with more than one lodge.

Goodman’s decision to merge the lodges together was upsetting to some of the local Arrowmen. It also diminished their voting block at Grand Lodge Meetings. The five Chicago lodges were Moqua Lodge 7, Wakay Lodge 13, Blackhawk Lodge 21, Checaugau Lodge 23 and Garrison Lodge 25.

The new lodge formed retained the Moqua Lodge number chartering as Owasippe Lodge 7. Owasippe Lodge selected a totem recognizing the original lodges, the “Hand of Friendship”. The Hand of Friendship is an open hand reminiscent of the hand of Adam in Michaelangelo’s “The Creation” with an arrow placed in the palm, the five fingers representing the five original lodges coming together in one hand.

Following the merger, each of the five original lodges became a chapter bearing the name of the original lodge. Following the merger, the Douglas Division, Chicago’s designated group for segregated Scouts that had been denied a lodge in 1923 because of the rule limiting councils to one lodge per camp, was included in the Order of the Arrow. Takodah Chapter became Chicago’s sixth chapter and our Order’s earliest known African American Arrowmen.

2

Stock Market Crash

The Stock Market Crash of 1929 was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States. The crash began a 12-year economic slump called the “Great Depression” that affected all the Western industrialized countries.

2, Non-Scouting

Hoover Elected President

Herbert Hoover was inaugurated as the 31^st President of the United States in 1929. During his Presidency, Hoover focused on pushing farm subsidy bills through congress; cracking down on gangsters participating in tax evasion (Al Capone was prosecuted); increased the amount of land used for National Parks and Forests (5.3 million acres).  Herbert Hoover was a strong supporter of the Boy Scouts. He launched the ‘Forward Movement and Development Program’ during a dinner in honor of the 20^th Anniversary of the BSA in 1930.

2, Non-Scouting

Fifth Grand Lodge Meeting

For the Fifth Grand Lodge Meeting and 10th Anniversary of Wimachtendienk, W.W. the Grand Lodge returned to Philadelphia and Treasure Island with Unami Lodge the host. 27 delegates from nine lodges attended the assembly. At the meeting it was determined that certain changes had to be made in ceremonies to satisfy religious organizations. Also a full update of the constitution was passed. The greatest change was in nomenclature. First, Second and Third Degrees would now also be called "Ordeal", "Brotherhood" and "Vigil".

A Statement of Policy was also created. The policy stated that the Order of the Arrow was an adjunct of Scouting and no OA policies could be in conflict with the BSA. It further stated that the mother tongue of WWW was Lenni Lenape and that the Order was a “camp honor brotherhood of the Boy Scouts of America, designed to further Scout ideals therein.” Other points included that meetings of the lodge could be for business, social, planning or operational purposes to serve camp and camp spirit between seasons. One point specifically cautioned against over emphasis of Indian lore. Another policy stated that only First Class Councils (those with a full time professional) could have Wimachtendienk. A key guideline was an admonition that the Order must grow under its own merits and that no propaganda or promotion shall take place.

The last point in the guidelines was a requirement that lodges maintain the tradition of non-members electing members. Lodges were not allowed to replace what Goodman considered important democratic principles. Lodges also were forbidden from vetoing a candidate elected by his peers. This provision prevented blackballing; where a single member for any reason or no reason could keep someone out even if duly elected.

E. Ridgeway Carrick of Sanhican Lodge, Trenton, New Jersey was elected Grand Chieftain. Joseph D. Carstang from Cowaw Lodge was elected to the newly created Grand Vice Chieftain. Harvey A. Gordon, also of Cowaw Lodge was re-elected Grand Scribe. Lester Harrison of Chappegat Lodge was elected Grand Treasurer.

2, Elections, National Event, OA, Scouting

Sixth Grand Lodge Meeting

The 1926 Sixth Meeting of the Grand Lodge was the second held at Camp Indiandale. Minsi Lodge of Reading, Pennsylvania hosted the eight lodges in attendance. The number of delegates is not known. This meeting was a working meeting where committee reports were reviewed and changes were made in the by-laws and rituals. The most substantive change to the By-laws was a decision to hold the Grand Lodge Meetings every other year starting in 1927. A committee was charged with exploring the concept of setting up regions and sections to hold meetings in non Grand Lodge meeting years. The Nominating committee tapped Robert Henderson of host Minsi Lodge to be Grand Chieftain and William A. Stumpp of Ranachqua Lodge, The Bronx, New York for Vice Grand Chieftain. However a nomination came from the floor for Grand Chieftain. Robert Henderson himself, the nominating committee’s selection for Grand Chieftain, nominated Stumpp for Grand Chieftain. As the result William A. Stumpp became the sixth Grand Chieftain. Robert Henderson became Vice Grand Chieftain. Harvey A. Gordon, Cowaw Lodge, Perth Amboy was re-elected for a third term as Grand Scribe and Herbert Birch of Sanhican Lodge, Trenton, New Jersey was elected Grand Treasurer.

2

Lodges are Numbered

Prior to 1926, listings of lodges kept by the Grand Lodge were typically alphabetical or loosely related to the order that the lodges originally applied for charter. In 1926 the decision was made to give each lodge a unique number. Because these numbers were applied retroactively, errors did occur. For example, even though Pamrapaugh Lodge of Bayonne, New Jersey was one of the original eleven charter lodges present for the 1921 Grand Lodge Meeting, they were given the number 14. In its place, Wawonaissa Lodge of Fanwood, New Jersey was erroneously given the number ten. It is not surprising that the decision was made to number lodges. In the early years of the Grand Lodge and Wimachtendienk there was a tendency to number everything.  It was an easy way to keep track of data in an age long before computers.

Large lodges like Unami Lodge of Philadelphia and Moqua Lodge of Chicago gave each member a unique number. That number was given in their respective order of membership in the lodge. The Grand Lodge also used numbers for all Third Degree members (Vigil Honor members).  The practice of numbering lodges continued until 2004.

2

First Approval for Patches

Up until 1926, pins were the only insignia approved for use by Arrowmen. This had been the rule in both the first Constitution of Wimachtendienk in 1916 and the constitution framed at the 1921 Grand Lodge Meeting. When the Order expanded to a dozen lodges at least two of them desired patches as insignia.

As is often the case with novel insignia, the first patch was issued before official approval. Minsi Lodge in Reading, Pennsylvania was the first to act. Around 1922 the lodge issued the first of their wolf head chenille with black arrow embroidered on felt patches. A member of Minsi Lodge, A. J. Brown, made the motion to the Grand Lodge that would enable patches to be made. The motion read, 

That the Grand Lodge authorize any lodge to adopt as a felt emblem, the second degree totem of the said lodge with an arrow superimposed thereon and pointing to the left.

The motion went on,

That no felt emblem of the first degree be authorized by the Grand Lodge or used by the local lodges.

This explains why the few OA patches known from the 1920s are so rare. Besides being old, First Degree (Ordeal Honor) members did not get them. Only Second Degree and Third Degree (Brotherhood Honor and Vigil Honor) Arrowmen received badges. And since trading patches had not really started no one needed more than one of them. Patches had not replaced pins. Pins remained the official insignia. Neither the Grand Lodge nor the BSA authorized patches for wear on the uniform. That would have to wait nearly twenty more years.

2

Coolidge Becomes President

John Calvin Coolidge Jr., became the 30^th President shortly after President Harding died of a heart attack and was elected President on his own accord in 1924. President Coolidge had two sons that were Boy Scouts. In 1926, Coolidge attended the 16^th Annual Meeting of the National Council in Washington DC. There, the President presented the first Silver Buffalo Awards. Some of the recipients that year included: Lord Baden-Powell, Dan Beard, James West, W.D. Boyce, E.T. Seton, and the Unknown Scout. Coolidge himself would receive the Silver Buffalo Award in 1929.

2, Non-Scouting

Third Grand Lodge Meeting

The Third Meeting of the Grand Lodge was held on October 12 and 13, 1923 at Camp Linstead. Nentico Lodge was the host along with their Supreme Chief of the Fire (Scout Executive) and Grand Lodge Scribe W. Perry Bradley. Seven lodges were in attendance with a total of 17 delegates. The Grand Lodge was dealing with a financial issue. The Grand Lodge Treasurer and the twelth Arrowman to keep the Third Degree (Vigil Honor), Bartram H. Dilks, a Scout professional from Harrisburg had disappeared, as had the Grand Lodge funds. Additionally, Dilks had received dues and installation fees from the new Chicago Lodges, however, the Grand Lodge Scribe had no record of these new lodges (hearkening memories of their votes not being allowed the year before), nonetheless their checks had been cashed.

A decision was made to have a Regional Executive, Roy F. Seymour, write Mr. Dilks a letter in his professional capacity and as a member of the Wimachtendienk. The letter would remind Dilks that it was “a serious indictment against the standing of a professional official of the Boy Scouts of America…” It is unknown if the money was returned or what happened to Dilks.

E. Urner Goodman was absent from the meeting due to illness (tuberculosis). As a result he was not present to see his co-founder Edson run unopposed securing the position of Grand Chieftain after falling short the previous two meetings. William Stumpp of Ranachqua Lodge, The Bronx, New York defeated Robert Henderson of Minsi Lodge, Reading, Pennsylvania to become Grand Lodge Scribe. Host W. Perry Bradley who had served as Grand Scribe was elected Grand Lodge Treasurer defeating J. D. Carstang of Pamrapaugh Lodge of Bayonne, New Jersey. Horace Kern of Unami Lodge was elected Chief Supply Officer defeating Alfred Nichols of Unami Lodge.

There was other business regarding ephemera and insignia. The Grand Lodge authorized the Chief Supply Officer to create engraved membership cards. Regarding insignia, a motion was made to change the insignia to a totem pin where the lodge totem was separated from the arrow, and instead connected by a chain. This type pin was already in use by Minsi Lodge in Reading Pennsylvania. The motion was not approved and would not change for another five years.

2

Rule - Only One Lodge Per Camp

The Order of the Arrow’s local lodge organization was very different in 1923. The lodges were associated with their camp, not their council. Wimachtendienk after all was born a camp society. The greatest association with the council was through the Scout Executive who was the Supreme Chief of the Fire for each lodge in their council and could at his sole discretion terminate those lodges. The rule in effect in 1923 was the number of camps in a council that had the Order determined the number of lodges possible in that council. In the early years of the Grand Lodge there were two larger councils in the Order, Philadelphia and Chicago. Most of the other lodges were from smaller councils such as the councils in Reading, Pennsylvania and Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Both Philadelphia and Chicago Councils were so large that they had more than one council camp. Philadelphia had two, Treasure Island and Camp Biddle. Chicago had five camps, Camp Dan Beard, Camp McDonald, Camp Checaugau, Camp Blackhawk and Camp James E. West. And at those five camps Edson would eventually form five lodges (Moqua, Wakay, Checaugau, Blackhawk and Garrison).

The five lodges also had the effect, whether intended or not, of granting Edson five votes at Grand Lodge Meetings at a time when there were only ten or twelve votes in total being cast.

On May 28, 1923, this topic was very much on the minds of the Grand Council when they met in Richmond, Virginia. The Grand Council was comprised of the elected officers of the Grand Lodge and their meetings were open to other members as well as other Scout professionals interested in Wimachtendienk. They typically met at professional Scouter conferences that they would be attending anyway in their vocational capacity. The Grand Council was actually sitting on several applications for the very much up and running new Chicago lodges and although they had cashed the check for the charter fees, they had not acted upon the charters.

Now word had been received that Edson intended to initiate a sixth lodge. But this sixth lodge was different than any other lodge in existence. This lodge was to be formed at Camp Belnap, the camp for the segregated African American Scouts of Chicago assigned to Douglas Division. It also meant that the Second Degree, a blood-rite at the time (that is, as a fraternity, all Brothers in Wimachtendienk were blood brothers of each other, the original meaning of being a fraternal society) would at some point be administered between different races.

The official framing of the issue by the Grand Council was that Camp Belnap was part of another camp that already had a lodge. At the 1923 Grand Lodge Meeting the ruling came down that there could only be one lodge per camp. Any decision about issues of having a segregated lodge was averted. Chicago would be denied the lodge for Camp Belnap.

2, OA, Scouting

Grand Lodge Bulletin First Published

The member lodges of the Grand Lodge needed a way to communicate with each other. It was decided that a newsletter would be sent to members of the Grand Council and local lodge chiefs. The lodge chief was typically a professional Scouter although not in his professional capacity and was most often the Scout Executive. Grand Scribe William Stumpp first sent out the newsletter called the Grand Lodge Bulletin in 1924. In 1934 the name changed to the National Bulletin, the name it is published under to this day.

There are no known examples of most Grand Lodge Bulletins published prior to 1931. Copies of these bulletins are sought by the OA archives.

2, OA, Scouting